Example: Water is clear.
Inference: drawing a logical conclusion based on assumption
Example: The fish seem to be healthy given the fact that they are swimming freely and quickly.
Opinion: a belief or judgement not based on logic
Example: The goldfish is very pretty.
An observation is good when it is scientific and truly gives a good idea of what is happening in whatever is being observed, and gives the reader insight into the state of what is being observed. Observations are important because even just seeing and noticing the state and look of things can affect an experiment and can give hints into what is going on even in chemical aspects of what is being observed. Inferences have a place in science because science is about discovery and sometimes one has to infer and assume things to be able to test them and discover something new. Opinions don't have quite as much of a relation to science because they probably won't hold much importance in the grand scheme of a scientific investigation.
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